Prevalence and clinical presentation of molar incisor hypomineralisation among a population of children in the community of Madrid.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), an alteration of tooth enamel with an estimated worldwide prevalence rate of 14%, among children using primary care services in the Community of Madrid, Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional and multicentre study. After calibrating all researchers and following the diagnostic criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD), children aged between 8 and 16 years who were users of the dental services at 8 primary oral health units of the Madrid Health Service (SERMAS) were included. The children underwent a dental examination, and the parents were asked to complete a questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of MIH was 28.63% (CI: 24.61-32.65%). The age cohorts most affected by MIH were 8 years (21.4%) and 11 years (20.7%). The presence of MIH was greater among girls (85; 60.71%) than among boys (55; 39.28%). The mean number of affected teeth per patient was 4.46 ± 2.8. The most frequently affected molar was the upper right first molar (74.3%), and the upper left central incisor was the most affected incisor (37.85%). Opacities were the defects most frequently recorded (63.57%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MIH in this study is the highest of all relevant studies conducted in Spain.

Clinical assessment of mortality risk in renal transplant candidates in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Prediction of mortality in wait-listed patients for kidney transplantation (KT) has not been well elucidated. We assessed whether application of the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and other uremia-related comorbidities, not included in the CCI, were associated with mortality in these patients. METHODS: We included 3851 adult patients from the Andalusian Registry who were placed on the waiting list for KT during the study period (1984-2012). A total of 1975 patients received a successful KT and were censored at that point, whereas 1876 were on the waiting list at any time. Multivariate Cox proportional regression analysis and competing risk models, both of which included a propensity score for factors leading to KT, were constructed to examine death in wait-listed patients. RESULTS: Overall mortality on the waiting list was 24%, and cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death (25%), followed by infections (19%) and malignant disorders (7%). By competing risk models, age older than 50 years (subhazard ratio [SHR] 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9), CCI score higher than 3 (SHR 2.8; 95% CI, 2.1-3.7), a central venous catheter (SHR 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4-2.2) and unemployed status (SHR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2.2) at dialysis entry were significantly associated with mortality. When these factors were incorporated in a composite risk model, mortality risk increased significantly with increasing risk levels. CONCLUSION: A limited number of comorbidities, easily measurable at entry to dialysis, are associated with mortality in wait-listed patients. This simple clinical assessment may help prioritize high-risk wait-listed patients for receiving an age-matched deceased donor kidney.